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1
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2
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- Phylogeny – the evolutionary history of a species or group of species
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3
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- In order to construct a phylogeny (an evolutionary history) we use “systematics”.
- A process of classification and determination of evolutionary
relationships.
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4
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- Latin scientific name
- Instituted in the 18th century by Carolus Linnaeus
- Genus (pl. genera)
- Specific epithet (species)
- Eg. Panthera pardus (leopard)
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5
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- Hierarchical Classification
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
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6
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- Is an analytical approach to understanding the diversity and the
relationships of organisms.
- Uses morphological and biochemical resemblances
- Molecular systematics uses comparisons of DNA RNA and other molecules to
infer evolutionary relationships.
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7
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8
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- A phylogenetic tree is a “hypothesis” of evolutionary history.
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9
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- Phylogenies are based on homologies in fossils and living organisms
- Homologous vs. analogous
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10
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11
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- The fossil record, the sequence in which fossils appear in the rock
strata is an archive of evolutionary history.
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12
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- Paleontology - study of fossils
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13
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14
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- Are birds really dinosaurs with feathers?
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15
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- Fossil record chronicles macroevolution
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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- Protein Comparisons
- DNA and RNA Comparisons
- DNA-DNA hybridization
- DNA sequence analysis
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21
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- Computer software is used to compare DNA sequences from different
species
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22
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- Cladistic Analysis uses novel homologies to define branch points on
phylogenetic trees
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23
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- “Back bone” – Shared primitive character of all vertebrates
- “Hair” – shared derived character of mammal clade
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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Notes