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1
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2
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3
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- Ecology
- the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their
environment
- The “Environment” includes
- abiotic components - nonliving chemical and physical factors,
temperature, light, nutrients.
- Biotic components - living organisms.
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4
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- Organismal Ecology
- Physiological, behavioural and evolutionary ecology
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5
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- Population Ecology
- Analyzes factors that affect population size and how it changes through
time.
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6
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- Community Ecology
- Examines how the interactions between species, such as competition,
predation and parasitism affect the community organization and
structure.
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7
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- Ecosystem Ecology
- Emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and the
environment.
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8
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- Landscape Ecology
- Focuses on the factors controling exchanges of energy, materials and
organisms across multiple ecosystems.
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9
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- Global Ecology – Biosphere
- Examines how the regional exchange of energy, materials and organisms
influences the functioning and distribution of organisms across the
biosphere.
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10
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- Experimental method applied to the study of whole ecosystems.
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11
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- The interaction of and individual organism with it’s environment happens
in “ecological time”
- That interaction and the resulting reproductive implications (natural
selection) produces change in the allelic frequencies over “evolutionary
time”.
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12
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- Ecology and the environmental movment was started in 1962 with the
publishing of the book Silent Spring by Rachel Carson.
- This book described the environmental damage caused by the excessive and
indiscriminant use of pesticides.
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13
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- Interaction bewteen organisms and the environment limit distribution of
species
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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- Climate is the prevailing weather conditions at a locality. Climate determines the distribution of
organisms.
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21
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22
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- The permanent tilt of the earth on its axis causes seasonal variation in
temperature and light intensity as the planet revolves around the sun.
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23
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24
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25
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26
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- The great ocean conveyor belt
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27
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- Ocean Currents
- Large water bodies moderate temperature
- Mountains effect local temperature and rainfall
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28
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- Moderating effects of large bodies of water on a summer day
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29
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- Mountains effect local temperature and rainfall
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30
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Notes